Process control in flash smelting is based on mass and energy balance from which the operational parameters oxygen coefficient oxygen enrichment and flux demand are obtained to achieve matte and slag with defined compositions and at defined temperatures Mineral compositions of copper concentrates and their blends have been used in order to optimize the
·The study presents the first use of predominance area diagrams PADs to determine oxidation reduction conditions during reconstructing historical copper smelting processes The smelting temperature and oxygen and sulfur fugacities during smelting were determined based on experiments and the geochemical ICP MS/ES XRF and mineralogical
Download scientific diagram Typical flow sheet of copper flash smelting process from publication Improved Copper Flash Smelting at Olympic Dam In March 2012 a combined BHP Billiton and Hatch
Download scientific diagram Phase diagram for the Cu S system Shishin and Decterov 2012 from publication Modelling of liquid phases and metal distributions in copper converters transferring
Download scientific diagram Simplified copper smelting process from publication Coordination strategy based on hard heuristics and price updating scheme for copper smelting process Optimal
·The effectivity of present copper smelting technologies have their roots in industrial and laboratory scale experience accumulated over the past decades Since early 60s the tools for improving the processing conditions and smelting vessel design included scale modelling and manual computing of homogeneous multicomponent equilibria The scale
·In refining copper the metal is melted down in a reverberatory furnace in a more or less oxidizing atmosphere and then further subjected to an oxidizing smelting in order to eliminate the common impurities most of which have a stronger affinity for oxygen than has these operations some of the copper is oxidized to cuprous oxide and dissolved by
·Schematic diagram of typical copper smelting process Tian et al 2021 Owing to the different types of CSS and slag cooling methods the properties of CSS are complex and diverse Therefore an appropriate separation process must be given through beneficiation test According to different copper smelting properties a variety of
Download scientific diagram Typical flow sheet of copper flash smelting process from publication Improved Copper Flash Smelting at Olympic Dam In March 2012 a combined BHP Billiton and Hatch
Copper processing Roasting Smelting Converting Once a concentrate has been produced containing copper and other metals of value such as gold and silver the next step is to remove impurity elements In older processes the concentrate containing between 5 and 10 percent water is first roasted in a cylindrical refractory lined furnace of either the hearth or fluidized
·Step 1 Blast Furnace simple diagram The smelting process begins by loading some raw materials copper ore mixed with other inputs such as silica and coal into a blast furnace Then lots of heast is applied until the mixture melts and then separates into several layers just like oil and water in a bottle of salad dressing or the fat and
·The Mitsubishi continuous copper smelting process that combines the matte smelting and converting steps into one continuous coupled operation is then discussed in pyrometallurgical production of copper are related to the free energy/temperature relations and predominance area diagrams; physical chemistry of molten solutions; phase
·Copper concentrate Cu 22 29 % S 27 32% Fe 22 27% is fed through lance pipe with oxygen enriched air into the smelting furnace then oxidized and melted by exothermic reaction to form molten mixture of matte Cu 68% and slag The matte is separated from slag by difference of specific gravity in the slag cleaning furnace
·Copper smelting plants separate elemental copper from copper concentrates through multiple sulphide oxidizing stages The considered smelting process includes a continuously functioning flash smelting furnace FSF and several Pierce Smith converters operated in batches Automating scheduling provides advisory information to operators
·Schematic diagrams for the 1 st asymmetric 1 st symmetric and 2 nd asymmetric standing wave are shown in Figure 2 Z Wang W Li and R Bian 2010 New process of copper smelting with oxygen enriched bottom blowing technology Nonferrous Metals Extractive Metallurgy 03 17 20 In Chinese Open in a new window Google Scholar
·Copper smelting generates many types of materials flows As copper concentrate flows through the smelting process it leaves behind an altered mine deposit sometimes mine waste and mill tailings Fluxing materials fuels oxygen recyclables scrap and water are input to the process Dust recycled ; gases which contain carbon dioxide CO 2
Copper processing Ores Refining Smelting Principal forms in which copper ores are found include native copper porphyry copper massive deposits and mixed ores Native copper is simply the metal found unadulterated in nature Occasionally copper is still found in its native form but more frequently it is mixed with other minerals some of which may have value themselves
The waste heat recovery is not included in Fig 1 Schematic process flow diagram of the synergistic copper process [4] the calculations The cold matte 70% Cu is converted to blister copper
·Based on existing literature various strategies are proposed to model the copper smelting process and mathematically describe the thermodynamics of the system [1 2 3 38] There are also a number of published articles describing the use of software packages for modeling of the copper smelting [4 5 25 26 39 40 41] Cu losses in Slag
·Metallurgy Matte Smelting Refining Alloying The primary purpose of matte smelting is to melt and recombine the charge into a homogeneous matte of metallic copper nickel cobalt and iron sulfides and to give an iron and silicon oxide slag It is done in many types of furnace on both roasted or unroasted sulfide feed material The reverberatory furnace is
·Arsenic species in copper smelting ash have an important effect on recovery of valuable metals and ecological conservation In this study a new process for removing and collecting As by sulfurization roasting and then shock cooling was proposed The Ellingham diagrams of the reactions among arsenic species sulfuric acid and carbon and the As O S
·The copper ISASMELT process has evolved over more than a quarter of a century and is considered mainstream with single furnaces producing more than 340 000 tpa of copper in matte Over the last 30 years the ISASMELT technology has been developed into a process suited to various roles in the non ferrous smelting industry including primary and
·Optimal scheduling of copper smelting process is an ongoing challenge due to conflicting objectives of the various process units and the inter dependencies that exist among these units A generic flow diagram of the copper smelting process is shown in Fig 2 In this process the concentrates are fed to the FSF with changeable feed rate
